16.1.4 POJA-L7138+7139+7140 Section through two vertebral bodies with intervertebral disc
16.1.4 POJA-L7138+7139+7140 Section though two vertebral bodies with intervertebral disc
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16.1.4. POJA-L7138+7139+7140 Section through two vertebral bodies with intervertebral disc
Title: Section through two vertebral bodies with intervertebral disc Description: (A): Black and white photograph. Human adult intervertebral disc: Nucleus pulposus + anulus fibrosis. (1): Nucleus pulposus. (2): Cartilage. (3): Fibrocartilage bound by the anulus fibrosus (present at the right side). (4): Calcified cartilage. (5): Bone marrow (in adjacent vertebral body). (B): Human foetus (Haematoxylin-eosin). (8): Notochord. (6): Neural tube (partly visible). (7): Aorta. (C): Amphibian (black and white). (9): Notochord. (10): Capillary. The file below is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. By OpenStax College - Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013., CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30131446 
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Background:
The intervertebral disks join adjacent vertebral bodies where they provide shock absorption and facilitate mobility of the spine.
Each disk has three components:
(1) The nucleus pulposus i.e. the gelatinous inner core of the intervertebral disks;
(2) The annulus fibrosus i.e. a fibrous capsule that surrounds the nucleus pulposus and consists of concentric lamellae of collagen fibres;
(3) The superior and inferior cartilaginous end plates situated at the articular surfaces of the intervertebral disk and the adjacent vertebrae.
The nucleus pulposus is thought to be required for the generation and maintenance of the disk’s structural integrity and damage to or loss of the nucleus pulposus as a person ages often leads to disk disease and back pain.
Two distinct cell types have been shown in the human nucleus pulposus, chondrocyte-like cells and larger cells resembling classic “notochordal cells.” The latter have been reported to contain large vacuoles and express a number of different proteins than chondrocyte cells. Notochordal cells have also been observed to gradually disappear during adult life, and depletion of this cell population correlates temporally with the onset of disk degeneration. These data have led to the proposal that notochordal cells may serve as nucleus pulposus stem cells.
Reference
Identification of Nucleus Pulposus Precursor Cells and Notochordal Remnants in the Mouse: Implications for Disk Degeneration and Chordoma Formation Kyung-Suk Choi, Martin J. Cohn, and Brian D. Harfe 2008 doi: 10.1002/dvdy.21805
Key words/Mesh: locomotor system, vertebral body, intervertebral disc, bone, human, amphibian, nucleus pulposus, anulus fibrosus, POJA collection, histology
The intervertebral disks join adjacent vertebral bodies where they provide shock absorption and facilitate mobility of the spine.
Each disk has three components:
(1) The nucleus pulposus i.e. the gelatinous inner core of the intervertebral disks;
(2) The annulus fibrosus i.e. a fibrous capsule that surrounds the nucleus pulposus and consists of concentric lamellae of collagen fibres;
(3) The superior and inferior cartilaginous end plates situated at the articular surfaces of the intervertebral disk and the adjacent vertebrae.
The nucleus pulposus is thought to be required for the generation and maintenance of the disk’s structural integrity and damage to or loss of the nucleus pulposus as a person ages often leads to disk disease and back pain.
Two distinct cell types have been shown in the human nucleus pulposus, chondrocyte-like cells and larger cells resembling classic “notochordal cells.” The latter have been reported to contain large vacuoles and express a number of different proteins than chondrocyte cells. Notochordal cells have also been observed to gradually disappear during adult life, and depletion of this cell population correlates temporally with the onset of disk degeneration. These data have led to the proposal that notochordal cells may serve as nucleus pulposus stem cells.
Reference
Identification of Nucleus Pulposus Precursor Cells and Notochordal Remnants in the Mouse: Implications for Disk Degeneration and Chordoma Formation Kyung-Suk Choi, Martin J. Cohn, and Brian D. Harfe 2008 doi: 10.1002/dvdy.21805
Key words/Mesh: locomotor system, vertebral body, intervertebral disc, bone, human, amphibian, nucleus pulposus, anulus fibrosus, POJA collection, histology